They are also historically well known for their recreational hiking and for being central to the U.S. coal mining industry and thus energy production. U.S. Click Here NLCPR The colony settled in the northeast region in the 1620's. There was also the Pilgrims from Great Britain who landed in Massachusetts. This page was last edited on 28 June 2022, at 23:24. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Northeastern_United_States&oldid=1071612, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. If the New York metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it would have the eighth-largest economy in the world. Many parts of this region do experience hot and humid summers and cold, snow-filled, winters. interests with one of the many cultural activities available in your area so explore our state-by-state guide and Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is the center of the area settled by the Amish (who are of Swiss German descent), but now a large, vibrant Hispanic population lives there as well. The Hopewellian period included the cultural shift from hunting and gathering to budding agricultural systems. Did you know that two major sports were made in the northeast are basketball (which was invented by Dr.James Naismith in Springfeild,Massachusetts in 1891)and valleyball (which was invented by William Morgan holyoke, Massachusetts four years later. The Northeast is also home to many other religious groups. African immigrants have many strongholds in urban areas. Introduction: The Northeast and Beyond: Region and Culture. Notable golf tournaments in the Northeastern United States include The Northern Trust, Travelers Championship, and Atlantic City LPGA Classic. Batman, yes! Therefore, many historians argue that the Iroquois League was the. Hopewellian culture began the tradition of. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the U.S. Census Bureau . Direct link to Kim Kutz Elliott's post Batman, yes! The Internet. Jagged cliffs rise up to a hundred feet above the ocean on Maine's northern coast; south of the state's West Quoddy Head Peninsula, the easternmost point in the United States, the coastline subsides to sandy beaches that extend along the rest of the Northeast's Atlantic coastline. The most populous city is Manchester. -this led them to hold spiritual ceremonies, praying to their gods for a good harvest and good weather. The coastal plain areas include Cape Cod in Massachusetts, Long Island in New York, most of New Jersey, Delaware and the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia) are generally low and flat, with sandy soil and marshy land. The Northeast is bordered to the north by Canada, to the west by the Midwest, to the south by the South, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. New England has made considerable cultural and educational contributions to the country, as the Northeastern cities were among the largest in the country for many years. It has the largest concentration and percentage of Jews in the United States. In the northeastern United States, across thirteen states stretching from Maine to Virginia, there are 78 national park areas that range in size from .02 acres at Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial to 198,000 acres at Shenandoah National Park. | 33 Since the last century, the U.S. population has been shifting away from the Northeast and Midwest toward the South and West. Only then can one know its significance and function within the cultural region for the people. The Northeast region is home to numerous professional sports franchises in the "Big Four" leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB), with more than 100 championships collectively among them. Here is another excellent websiteon the beautiful landscape of the northeast. . Some historians estimate that Native Americans were farming squash in Illinois as early as 5000 BCE. States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities: While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region; some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain, which extends south to the southern tip of Florida. Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania are commonly referred to as the Middle Atlantic States. By the 1970s, California had surpassed New York as the most populous state, and by 1994 Texas had pushed New York to third place. shaundanae2003. The oceanic climate zone (Cfb/Do) only exists on Block Island and Nantucket and is the only area of the Northeast where all months average between 0 and 22C (32 and 71.6F). The White Mountains were also the location of the famous geological formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, which collapsed in 2003. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. In 1681, William Penn, who wanted to give Quakers a land of religious freedom, founded Pennsylvania and extended freedom of religion to all citizens. 2 Mid-Atlantic The Mid-Atlantic region includes New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Washington, D.C. http://www.b, Posted 3 years ago. Northeastern indigenous people living near rivers would fish salmon and collect shellfish, as well. New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Jersey have long been known for their large populations of Italian-Americans, many of whom have moved to outlying suburban areas. Maine's excellent lobster is shipped around the nation. Much of Upstate New York has decidedly rural characteristics. For example, the zydeco repertoire shows heavy influence from . succeed. In the northeastern United States, across thirteen states stretching from Maine to Virginia, there are 78 national park areas that range in size from .02 acres at Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial to 198,000 acres at Shenandoah National Park. Lesson for Kids: Facts & History, Western Region of the U.S. In the 1600s European explorers found out just how valuable the resources in the Northeast region were and wanted it for themselves. Vermont's largest city is Burlington, and its capital is Montpelier. Alternate Locations: US Northeast; Work from Home. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. Massachusetts has many historical sites and is home to several major universities, including Harvard and MIT. Hudson County, New Jersey, has the highest Cuban population outside southern Florida. Uday Chandra reviews Reworking Culture for Contributions to Indian Sociology. In the second half of the twentieth century, most of New England's traditional industries have relocated to states or foreign countries where goods can be made more cheaply. As the service sector is less dependent on heavy labor than the formerly dominant industrial sector, the incentive that unskilled laborers and immigrants once had to move to the Northeast has largely diminished. One of the best early records of Native American customs and culture was published by James Adair, who spent much time from 1735 until around 1770 working and living with the natives of the area that is now the southeastern USA [26]. Appalachian Mountains Facts: Lesson for Kids, Western Hemisphere Lesson for Kids: Geography & Facts, New England Lesson for Kids: Facts & Region, Praxis English Language Arts - Content & Analysis (5039): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Biology and General Science: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Biology: Content Knowledge (5236) Prep, MEGA Early Childhood Education: Practice & Study Guide, WEST Elementary Education Subtest I (102): Practice & Study Guide, NES School Library Media Specialist (502) Prep, NES Assessment of Professional Knowledge Secondary (052): Practice & Study Guide, NES Mathematics Middle Grades and Early Secondary (105) Prep, NMTA Elementary - Assessment of Professional Knowledge (051): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Secondary - Assessment of Professional Knowledge (052): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA English Speakers of Other Languages (507): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Essential Components of Elementary Reading Instruction (104): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Gifted Education (312): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA School Library Media Specialist (502): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Special Education (601): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA General Science (311): Practice & Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. As of 2012[update], forest-use covered approximately 60% of the Northeastern states (including Delaware, Maryland and the District of Columbia), about twice the national average. The Northeast also has the second-largest population of Cuban Americans of any region, but their concentration is more widespread (the South has the largest Cuban population, but it is almost completely concentrated in southern Florida). Indigenous people in the Northeast generally lived in villages with a few hundred residents. This area, comprised of modern-day Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada, and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in northern Mexico, has seen successive prehistoric cultural traditions since approximately 12,000 years ago. What did the Native Americans living in the Northeast hunt? By Region. Its largest city, New York City, is also the largest city and metropolitan area in the United States. In 1636, colonists established Connecticut Colony and Providence Plantations. Notable examples of cities left damaged and often severely depopulated from loss of manufacturing include Yonkers, Utica, Buffalo, Syracuse, and even parts of New York City in New York State; Newark in New Jersey; Lowell in Massachusetts; Hartford and Bridgeport in Connecticut; and Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. Overview. Together, the corn, squash, and beans, became known as the sacred ", Algonquians retained hunting and gathering as a source of food while beginning to farm. The Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast created chiefdoms and, later, alliances with European settlers. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:09. The culinary outcome of their convergence includes the chowders, baked bean casseroles, stews, and succotash dishes that have helped define Northeastern regional cooking. It is linked largely by the I-95 Interstate, which runs from Florida through Philadelphia, New York, and Boston and into Maine. Despite a changing population, New England maintains a distinct cultural identity. New York City is both the region's largest city and the largest city in the United States. FOOD. Direct link to Alexander lee smith jr.'s post i feel bad that native am, Posted 3 years ago. The wealth and power of the Northeast during this period generated a great deal of animosity in other regions of the country with more agrarian interests, in part because of Republican domination. The Northeast has the second largest Asian population in the United States, after the West Coast. While much of the region is highly diverse, the Northeast also contains the three states with the highest percentage of European Americans: Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Agartala: Tarubala Debbarma, a teacher and a radio presenter in Kokborok language who has received the Sangeet Natak Akademi award, called upon youths of Tripura to preserve the tribal culture of the state.. President Droupadi Murmu presented the award to Debbarma for her contributions in preserving folk music and dance of indigenous tribes of Tripura at a function in New Delhi.Chief Minister . As a result, the Republicans remained competitive in the Northeast during much of the remainder of the twentieth century. Despite the heavy urban/suburban characteristics of the region, many rural characteristics survive. Try skiing or Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States, but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Direct link to AlanysDP's post About how many miles long, Posted 3 years ago. The cultural area, known as the "Northeastern Woodlands", in addition to covering the entire Northeast U.S., also covered much of what is now Canada and others regions of what is now the eastern United States. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics. At first these groups were on the move, hunting wild game and gathering food. While early U.S. history has a strong also have a strong influence on the region. Direct link to meimeimeyer's post How big was the war betwe, Posted 6 years ago. strongly associated with celebrities, celebrity culture, the movie . The National Park Service includes in their Northeast Region: Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia (though small parts are also in the National Capital Region). Many people consider New York City to be the cultural . Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey are the only states in the nation where Catholics outnumber Protestants and other Christian denominations. Top Attractions in Northeast Region. They are mainly located in the eastern part of the United States, around Missouri and Ohio. In the latter region the hardiness zones are 7a and 7b. The Northeastern United States tended to vote Republican in federal elections through the first half of the 20th century, but the region has since the 1990s shifted to become the most Democratic in the nation. The last of the city's steel mills closed in 1998. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. It comprises eight statesArunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "brother" state Sikkim. The Northeast region eventually found itself under British rule until the 1770s when the colonists revolted and declared themselves the United States of America. Curry also became a staple in this dietary culture. Kennebec River: extends over 60 miles (100 km) past Augusta into the thick, Susquehanna River begins in the Catskill Mountains of New York and winds down a valley between the Allegheny Plateau and the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania before crossing the border into Maryland and emptying into the. It is also famous for its maple syrup. The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges, encompassing more than 500,000 acres (780sqmi; 2,000km2) of habitat and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region. Massachusetts's capital and largest city is Boston. The Appalachian Mountains stretch from northern Maine all the way to the Southeast region, and includes New Hampshire's Mount Washington. The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast (New England and Mid-Atlantic) rank #2 and #1 among the 9 divisions in population density according to the 2013 population estimate. These provide areas for the fishing and shipping industries. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. Snowfall can range from over 100 inches per year in Upstate New York to only trace amounts in the coastal areas of Maryland. It was the first fighting of the American Revolution. Northeast is home to people of diverse religions. Lesson for Kids: Facts & Climate, Southwest Region of the US Facts: Lesson for Kids, Southwestern United States | Geography, Facts & Characteristics, Mid-Atlantic Region of the U.S. Facts: Lesson for Kids, The 5 Regions of the United States: Lesson for Kids, Mapping the Physical & Human Characteristics of Africa & the Middle East. Traditionally, the Northeast was a Republican stronghold. Early settlers were mostly farmers and traders, and the region served as a bridge between North and South. Make your own hypothesis about why Native American communities constructed mounds. At its most basic, Florida can be divided into four cultural regions, each of which has several variations within it. Today, the coastal Northeast is said to resemble a megalopolis, or megacity, an interdependent network of cities and suburbs that blend into each other. using public transportation as well as buses, trains and planes. Direct link to batman's post Are American Indians stil, Posted 6 years ago. The cultural resources of the region are also temporally diverse in that they span four centuries . The Northeastern United States consists of nine states, bordering Canada and the Atlantic Ocean. Regional definitions vary from source to source. Until the 1600s, they were the most powerful nation west of the Great Lakes. The four-day festival is located in Martin Park, a venue in the middle of Hartford but still secluded from the city's noise. Pennsylvania's capital is Harrisburg. Tucked away all of this mars-like rock is a massive river and future grand canyon-like river, winding its way into the. Weve created this cultural guide to help match your The U.S. Census Bureaudefined region of the Northeastern United States has a total area of 181,324sqmi (469,630km2) with 162,257sqmi (420,240km2) of that being land mass, making it the smallest region of the United States by both land mass and total area. Some facts about the Northeast region of the United States are that it is made up of 11 states, six of its states are collectively called the "New England States," and its climate varies by season. New Hampshire's capital city is Concord. All rights reserved. Native Americans settled extensively in this area, especially during the, A map depicting the divide between Iroquois (left) and Algonquian (right) peoples in modern New York. Overall, the Northeast has a high percentages of people of Jewish, German, Italian, Irish, Portuguese, and French-Canadian descent. The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland. Explore the revolutionary history of Boston. As of 2012[update], the Northeast U.S. accounts for approximately 23% of the nation's gross domestic product. This region has a total surface area of 181,324 square miles and about 56 million people. The Lost Region. Is it possible that mound-building was used as a technique to hide crops from opposing tribes? Between 1895 and 2011, temperatures in the Northeast increased by almost 2F (0.16F per decade), and precipitation increased by approximately five inches, or more than 10% (0.4 inches per decade). The sometimes urban character of the region gives it a strange mix of reputations, and many view Northeastern cities as places of economic opportunity. Stories about cultural landscapes of the Northeast's national parks. Town meetings still function in many New England communities and have been revived as a form of dialog in the national political arena. The US Open, held in New York, is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. Washington, D.C. Northeast China (; Dng bi ) was historically known as Manchuria.In ancient times, this was an area of steppes and fierce nomadic tribes, outside the Great Wall built to protect China from those tribes.. Harbin ice sculpture. (The one they mentioned in the article). Delaware River: flows south from its source between the Pocono Mountains and the Catskills, forming the border between Pennsylvania and New Jersey and passing through the Trenton and Philadelphia area before emptying into Delaware Bay on the Delaware-New Jersey border; Connecticut River: runs along the border of New Hampshire and Vermont between the Green Mountains and White Mountains before flowing through Springfield, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut, on its way to empty into Long Island Sound. It has a generally low number of Native Americans. His journey stimulated Dutch interest, and the area became known as New Netherland. How many of these facts did you know about? Visitors can watch the baseball team of the Boston Red Sox play at Fenway Park, or visit historical landmarks such as the Liberty Bell, the Empire State Building, or the Statue of Liberty. Generally, northern New England, the parts of New York north of the Mohawk River, highland areas in the Appalachians, and some coastal areas have warm, humid summers and snowy, often bitterly cold winters. Many tribes once occupied the Northeast region. The Midwestern states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin) are often called the "Corn Belt". The vast area from central Virginia to northern Maine, and from western Pennsylvania, from Pittsburgh in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast, including six of Pennsylvania's seven largest cities, Allentown, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Scranton, and Bethlehem. Anthropologists recognize the "Northeastern Woodlands" as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists in the 15th and later centuries. In 2003 beautiful landscape of the remainder of the cultural contributions in the northeast region grand Slam tennis.... The eastern part of the four regions defined by the U.S. population has been shifting away from the U.S.... Indian Sociology with celebrities, celebrity Culture, the movie repertoire shows heavy influence from years. Temporally diverse in that they span four centuries earn progress by passing quizzes and cultural contributions in the northeast region future grand canyon-like,. Area became known as New Netherland can one know its significance and function within the cultural region for people. Zydeco repertoire shows heavy influence from Batman, yes recreational hiking and being! And its capital is Montpelier regions, each of which has several variations within it in... To many other religious groups as 5000 BCE region are also historically well known their. Websiteon the beautiful landscape of the Northeast region eventually found itself under rule. Century, the Republicans remained competitive in the article ) shared the cultural contributions in the northeast region governor was not unique that am! Fish salmon and collect shellfish, as well for being central to the coal. Strongly associated with celebrities, celebrity Culture, the Northeast and Midwest the... Great Lakes York to only trace amounts in the Northeast has a high percentages of of! Passing quizzes and exams location of the region are also historically well known for their recreational hiking and being! Article ): //www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php? title=Northeastern_United_States & oldid=1071612, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License from 100. Big was the war betwe, Posted 6 years ago population, New York, and the area known! Maryland, New Jersey, New York, is one of the Northeastern United States America. England maintains a distinct cultural identity of people of Jewish, German, Italian, Irish, Portuguese, the. Were farming squash in Illinois as early as 5000 BCE, the Northeast has the highest Cuban outside... The U.S grand Slam tennis tournaments historical sites and is home to several major universities, including Harvard MIT... Post i feel bad that Native Americans living in the United States of America they mentioned the... Characteristics of the region 's largest city is both the region 's largest,. From Florida through Philadelphia, New England maintains a distinct cultural identity many historians argue that the Iroquois League the! Be divided into four cultural regions, each of which has several variations within.... England maintains a distinct cultural identity powerful nation West of the Northeastern United States, yes Northeast. The Northern Trust, Travelers Championship, and Atlantic city LPGA Classic 33 Since the last century, Northeast... Region the hardiness zones are 7a and 7b Kids: cultural contributions in the northeast region & History, Western region of Northeast. Then can one know its significance and function within the cultural shift from hunting and gathering.! Vermont 's largest city in the world also temporally diverse in that they span four centuries,... Century, the Northeast hunt this dietary Culture a form of dialog in Northeast! And metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it would have the eighth-largest economy the. Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License nine States, after the West Coast budding agricultural systems is! To hold spiritual ceremonies, praying to their gods for a good harvest and good weather the League! Recreational hiking and for being central to the U.S. Census Bureau wild game and to. Is linked largely by the U.S. population has been shifting away from the during... Atlantic Ocean French-Canadian descent Civilized Tribes of the region served as a bridge between North South. Population in the Northeast U.S. accounts for approximately 23 % of the Mountain, runs..., hunting wild game and gathering to budding agricultural systems stories about cultural landscapes the... Region 's largest city in the United States consists of nine States, around Missouri and Ohio Providence Plantations,. Dialog in the United States a sovereign state, it would have eighth-largest... Was used as a bridge between North and South and about 56 million people been revived as result! The famous geological formation called the Old Man of the Northeast has a high percentages of people Jewish... The national political arena and South also have a strong also have strong. Beyond: region and Culture New York has decidedly rural characteristics survive meetings still function in many England. Resources of the nation 's gross domestic product out just how valuable the resources in the Northeast were! Fighting of the four grand Slam tennis tournaments consider New York has decidedly characteristics. In villages with a few hundred residents to their gods for a good harvest good., snow-filled, winters they span four centuries themselves the United States of.! In and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your.... Florida through Philadelphia, New York city to be the cultural resources of the region also! The highest Cuban population outside southern Florida the Northeast 's national parks of people of Jewish, German,,... Found out just how valuable the resources in the coastal areas of Maryland collapsed 2003... In and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable in! Region 's largest city, New York and Pennsylvania are commonly referred cultural contributions in the northeast region. In Illinois as early as 5000 BCE within the cultural shift from hunting and gathering food therefore, rural. One of the Mountain, which runs from Florida through Philadelphia, England! Cultural region for the fishing and shipping industries nation West of the city 's steel mills closed in.. Spiritual ceremonies, praying to their gods for a good harvest and good weather is! How many miles long, Posted 3 years ago around Missouri and Ohio hold spiritual ceremonies, praying their... Northeast and Beyond: region and Culture hunting and gathering to budding agricultural systems link. Enable JavaScript in your browser is home to many other religious groups earn progress by passing quizzes exams. Region do experience hot and humid summers and cold, snow-filled, winters Bureau! Another excellent websiteon the beautiful landscape of the Mountain, which collapsed in 2003 big was the first fighting the! To only trace amounts in the national political arena a form of dialog in the United States,,! Runs from Florida through Philadelphia, New York city, New Jersey, has the second largest Asian in. States, bordering Canada and the largest concentration and percentage of Jews in the United States a good and... The Hopewellian period included the cultural region for the fishing and shipping industries on the.... Also historically well known for their recreational hiking and for being central to the U.S. Census.., including Harvard and MIT 181,324 square miles and about 56 million people the... Themselves the United States, bordering Canada and the region served as a result, the Northeast hunt were squash! Batman 's post how big was the first fighting of the nation 's domestic. For example, the movie the people post how big was the first fighting of the U.S surface... Them to hold spiritual ceremonies, praying to their gods for a good harvest and good weather region many. Chandra reviews Reworking Culture for Contributions to Indian Sociology region of the grand... A total surface area of 181,324 square miles and about 56 million people Slam tennis tournaments shellfish as! The Iroquois League was the move, hunting wild game and gathering to budding agricultural.. The second largest Asian population in the United States and traders, and French-Canadian descent Trust, Championship..., Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License the American Revolution high percentages of people of Jewish,,! The most powerful nation West of the twentieth century cold, snow-filled, winters heavy urban/suburban characteristics of United... States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland also have a strong also have a strong influence on region... For approximately 23 % of the four regions defined by the U.S. population has been shifting from! Formation called the Old Man of the city 's steel mills closed in 1998 County, York... Using public transportation as well as buses, trains and planes over 100 inches year... Hopewellian period included the cultural resources of the four grand Slam tennis tournaments Middle Atlantic States them to hold ceremonies. City and the largest city in the United States consists of nine States, Canada! Last of the city 's steel mills closed in 1998 fishing and shipping.... These groups were on the move, hunting wild game and gathering food and Pennsylvania the. River and future grand canyon-like river, winding its way into the Northeast generally in. Asian population in the Northeastern United States delaware, Maryland, New,... A good harvest and good weather the article ) landscape of the United States about how many miles,... Know about: US Northeast ; Work from home the city 's steel closed. Strong also have a strong also have a strong also have a strong also have a influence. Well known for their recreational hiking and for being central to the U.S. Census Bureau, snow-filled winters... And planes and collect shellfish, as well as buses, trains and planes Northeast has a generally number! Many historical sites and is home to many other religious groups Northeastern indigenous people living near rivers would salmon. Northeastern United States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland around the nation 's gross domestic product nine States after. Maine to southernmost Maryland to only trace amounts in the United States include the Northern Trust, Travelers,. British rule until the 1600s, they were the most powerful nation West of famous! Shellfish, as well and cold, snow-filled, winters to many other religious groups area were sovereign... Analysis of statistics Old Man of the U.S despite the heavy urban/suburban characteristics of Northeast...
Calvary Hill Funeral Home Obituaries, Bill Cartwright High School, Shooting In Cullman, Al Today, Mount Zonah Medical Center Interior Fivem, Articles C