In the second-order divisions of the Leva Kanbis, the Anavils and the Khedawals, while the hypergamous tendency was strong, attempts were continually made to form small endogamous units: although the strength of the hypergamous tendency did not allow these units to function effectively, they nevertheless checked its free play to some extent. I hope to show that the integration of the study of caste in urban areas with that of rural areas is essential to a comprehensive understanding of caste and its implications for Indian society and culture. The associations activities in the field of marriage, such as reform to customs, rituals and ceremonies, and encouragement of inter-divisional marriages, are also seen by the members as a service to the nationas the castes method of creating a casteless modern society. They wrote about the traditional Indian village, but not about the traditional Indian town. Surnames such as Patel and Sheth denote heads or chiefs, while Amin and Chowdhury are supposedly titles of honor. To whichever of the four orders a caste division belonged, its horizontal spread rarely, if ever, coincided with that of another. 4 GUJARAT 4273 SHODA . Forenames. Usually, these divisions were distinguished from one another by prohibition of what people called roti vyavahar (bread, i.e., food transactions) as well as beti vyavahar (daughter, i.e., marital transactions). Caste revealing surnames can result in ostracization of Dalits and exclusion from institutional and non-institutional resources, such as housing, private sector jobs, education, business and marriage, etc. The surname Lakhani means descendant of Lakh. The word Lakh comes from Laksmana, a Sanskrit word which means, one who has auspicious marks. Lakhani is also a common surname among Sindhis. This meant that he could marry a girl of any subdivision within the Vania division. Lagna Seva Sanstha | Member Detail. Over nine year more. The Kolis in such an area may not even be concerned about a second-order divisional name and may be known simply as Kolis. There would be a wide measure of agreement with him on both these counts. The significant point, however, is that there were small endogamous units which were not, like ekdas and tads, part of any higher-order division. 100% Thus Khamar village has a There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. Many primarily rural castes, such as Kolisthe largest castehave remained predominantly rural even today. In many villages in Gujarat, particularly in larger villages, one or two first-order divisions would be represented by more than one second-order division. Nor were ekdas and tads entirely an urban phenomenon. Although the people of one tad would talk about their superiority over those of another tad in an ekda, and the people of one ekda over those of another in a higher-order division, particularly in large towns where two or more tads and ekdas would be found living together, there was no articulate ranking and hypergamy among them. The Kadava Patidar (also variously spelled Kadwa, Kadva) are a sub-caste of the Patidars in Gujarat. Purohit means a family priest or a priest who always stays at the forefront of a pooja (a prayer ritual). Simultaneously, there is gradual decline in the strength of the principle of hierarchy, particularly of ritual hierarchy expressed in purity and pollution. The bulk of the population was spread all over the villages as small landholders, tenants and labourers. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"Nyygxe2uhCSCRFr_1gpqZloLWtvR7MsRGDym6HeWdrk-3600-0"}; No they don't. 0% In 1931, the Rajputs of all strata in Gujarat had together a population of about 35,000 forming nearly 5 per cent of the total population of Gujarat. It is the Gujarati word for a parrot. Some of the other such divisions were Kathi, Dubla, Rabari, Bharwad, Mer (see Trivedi 1961), Vaghri, Machhi, Senwa, Vanzara, and Kharwa. (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village. This was unlike the situation among the Rajputs who did not make any attempt to form small endogamous units. The Hindu and Muslim kingdoms in Gujarat during the medieval period had, of course, their capital towns, at first Patan and then Ahmedabad. Castes having continuous internal hierarchy and lacking effective small endogamous units, such as Rajputs, Leva Kanbis, Anavils and Khedawals, do not have active associations for lower-order divisions. It owned corporate property, usually in the form of vadis (large buildings used for holding feasts and festivals, accommodating wedding guests, and holding meetings), huge utensils for cooking feasts, and money received as fees and fines. There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. Castes which did not sit together at public feasts, let alone at meals in homes, only 15 or 20 years ago, now freely sit together even at meals in homes. Frequently, The ekdas or gols were each divided into groups called tads (split). Dholakia has an occupational origin and refers to an individual who deals in Dhodka, an unprocessed grey cloth. The castes of the three categoriesprimarily urban, primarily rural, and rural-cum-urbanformed an intricate network spread over the rural and urban communities in the region. In addition, they carried on overland trade with many towns in central and north India. The surname may have been associated with those who loved parrots or someone who took care of parrots or birds, in general. Broach, Cambay and Surat were the largest, but there were also a number of smaller ones. Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! In contrast, there were horizontal units, the internal hierarchy and hypergamy of which were restricted to some extent by the formation of small endogamous units and which had discernible boundaries at the lowest level. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. 25. Gupta is a common Gujarati surname that derives its name from Gupt, a Sanskrit word meaning, protected or secret. By the beginning of British rule in the early 19th century, a considerable number of these chieftains had succeeded in establishing petty chiefdoms, each composed of one, and occasionally more than one, village, in all parts of Gujarat. Barot was originally the name of a community that derived itself from the Bhat community. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. When Mr. H. Borradaile in A.D. 1827 collected information regarding the customs of Hindus, no less than 207 castes which did not intermarry, were found in the city of Surat alone. All of this information supports the point emerging from the above analysis, that frequently there was relatively little concern for ritual status between the second-order divisions within a first- order division than there was between the first-order divisions. The three trading castes of Vania, Lohana and Bhatia were mainly urban. Acharya, a common Gujarati surname, derives its name from Acarya, a Sanskrit word for a spiritual leader, or the one who teaches conduct., The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means best among priests who perform Yagna.. While almost all the social structures and institutions which existed in villagesreligion, caste, family, and so onalso existed in towns, we should not assume that their character was the same. This infographic documents some well-known Gujarati last names derived from the Sanskrit language and their meanings.SaveIllustration: Momjunction Design Team. Marriages were usually confined to neighbouring villages, so that marriage links were spread in a continuous manner from one end of the region to another. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. Content Filtrations 6. Meaning unknown, related to the Charan caste of Gujarat. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). Names. And how flexibility was normal at the lowest level has just been shown. Then there were a number of urban divisions of specialized artisans, craftsmen and servants, as for example, Sonis (gold and silver smiths), Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Bhavsars (weavers, dyers and printers), Malis (florists), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Kachhias (vegetable sellers), Darjis (tailors), Dabgars (makers of drums, saddles and such other goods involving leather), Ghanchis (oil pressers), Golas ferain and spice pounders and domestic servants), Dhobis (washermen), Chudgars (banglemakers), and Tambolis (sellers of area nuts, betel leaves, etc.). As per the Population Census 2011, Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. Desai is a frequently used Gujarati surname composed of the Sanskrit words desa meaning country, and swami meaning master or lord. Radhvanaj Rajputs were clearly distinguished from, and ranked much above local Kolis. The surname Patlikh evolved into Patel to denote a village chief or the headman of a village. I am dealing here only with certain typical situations. Gujarat Caste List 2023 | SEBC, OBC, SC ST, EWS & . Daftary is another Gujarati surname derived from the Persian word. Which you can download in PDF also. Image Guidelines 5. The understanding of changes in caste is not likely to be advanced by clubbing such diverse groups together under the rubric of ethnic group. I do not propose to review the literature on caste here; my aim is to point out the direction towards which a few facts from Gujarat lead us. Most inter-divisional marriages take place between boys and girls belonging to the lowest order in the structure of divisions. Given below is EWS Caste List in Gujarat pdf / general caste list in gujarat pdf / general category caste list in gujarat / gujarat general caste list / general caste surname list in Gujarat. Bhavsars in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have their traditional caste council known as the Bhavsar (or bhavasar) Samaj or Bhavasar Kshatriya Samaj. Apply this search to the user-submitted names, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results, the "relationship" is how the name relates to its parent name. Further, during this lengthy process of slow amalgamation those who will marry in defiance of the barriers of sub-caste, will still be imbued with caste mentality (1932: 184). When divisions are found within a jati, the word sub-jati or sub-caste is used. This surname is most frequent in India, where it is borne by 4,561 people, or 1 in 168,179. That there was room for flexibility and that the rule of caste endogamy could be violated at the highest level among the Rajputs was pointed out earlier. At the other end were castes in which the principle of division had free play and the role of the principle of hierarchy was limited. Among the first-order divisions with subdivisions going down to the fourth order, there are associations for divisions of all the orders. SEBC caste list in gujarat 2022 / SEBC caste list gujarat / SEBC category list in gujarat | obc caste list gujarat / o.b.c. The division had an elaborate internal hierarchy, with wealthy and powerful landlords and tax-farmers at the top and small landholders, tenants and labourers at the bottom. In the state of Gujarat, there is 7% reservation for Scheduled Tribes (ST), 15% for Scheduled Castes (SC), 27% for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) and 10% for Economically Weaker Sections. The Gujarat Sultanate (1407-1523) was a medieval muslim kingdom that was founded by Sultan Muzaffar Shah I, a tank khatri originally from southern punjab who converted to islam. The Chumvalias and Patanwadias migrated possibly from the same tract and continued to belong to the same horizontal unit after migration. There was not only no pyramid type of arrangement among the many ekdas in a second-order Vania divisionthe type of arrangement found in the Rajput, Leva Kanbi, Anavil and Khedawal divisions-but frequently there was no significant sign of hierarchical relation, except boastful talk, between two neighbouring ekdas. Frequently, a division among Vanias corresponded to a division among Brahmans. Their folk culture and literature are in agreement with Rajasthan, Sindh and Punjab, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Chowdhury in Sanskrit refers to holder of four, where four probably indicated the measure of land granted by the king. With the exclusion of caste (except scheduled caste) from the census since 1951 (practically since 1941, because the census of that year did not result in much reporting), writings on castes as horizontal units greatly declined. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. To illustrate, among the Khadayata or Modh Vanias, an increasing number of marriages take place between two or more tads within an ekda. Although the ekda or tad was the most effective unit for endogamy, each unit of the higher order was also significant for endogamy. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. It seems the highland Bhils (and possibly also other tribes) provided brides to lower Rajputs in Gujarat. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). I shall first provide an analysis of caste in the past roughly during the middle of the 19th century, and then deal with changes in the modern times. Srinivas has called the unity of the village manifested in these interrelations the vertical unity of the village (1952: 31f. A common surname in Gujarat, Kapadia, in Gujarati means, 'cloth merchant.' 24. For example, among Vanias in a large town like Ahmedabad many of the thirty or forty second-order divisions (such as Khadayata, Modh, Porwad, Shrimali, and so on) were represented. The small endogamous units, on the other hand, did not practise either. They adopted Rajput customs and traditions, claimed Rajput status, and gave daughters in marriage to Rajputs in the lower rungs of Rajput hierarchy. If you wish to know more about it, delve into this list as we share a list of Gujarati last names with meanings. 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